APLAC®
Application Notes and Design Examples
APLAC AC and Noise
This project uses a two-stage differential BJT amplifier design to demonstrate APLAC linear AC and AC noise measurements. Linear AC measurements are limited to voltage, current, and noise, but can be measured anywhere in the circuit. This differs with the wide range of other linear measurements, which are based on port parameters.
Basic Transient
The diode acts as a rectifier, and the resistor and capacitor add a time-constant; so the circuit will take some time to reach steady state. This circuit is copied and simulated with different transient options, to demonstrate the effects of the settings, and element values on the transient analysis. This project also has two harmonic balance and transient simulators to show that the different harmonic balance results match and the different transient results match.
DRO Oscillator
This example shows AWR' s capability to perform nonlinear oscillator simulations with high Q circuits. This example is a Dielectric Resonator Oscillator (DRO), that uses a FET to provide negative resistance and a dielectric resonator (modeled as a parallel RLC). This example shows several techniques to first look for the proper oscillation conditions. Once these are found, then the circuit is simulated to find oscillation frequency, output power, and phase noise. In this circuit, the Q of the resonator is varied to see how the phase noise of the circuit is affected.
Gilbert Cell
This is a design for a bipolar transistor mixer using the Gilbert Cell arrangement. It demonstrates simulation setup and measurements for swept power analysis of a mixer in the original Harmonic Balance, APLAC Harmonic Balance, Aplac Transient and Hspice Transient simulators.
Half Watt Pwr Amp
This project is showing the original HB simulator and the Aplac HB simulator. The two interesting features of this project are the integral display of the load line on the IV curve plot and the use of dc annotations to detect the voltage and current to construct the load line.
High Power BJT Amp
This example demonstrates a single tone harmonic balance simulation on a BJT amplifier using the Freescale MRA0500-19L device.
IAM 81 Gilbert Cell Noise
This example shows mixer noise analysis for a Gilbert Cell mixer. This project is showing the original HB simulator and the Aplac HB simulator.
The limiter circuit is setup for few nonlinear measurements of interests using the Aplac Harmonic Balance simulator. A two tone signal separated by 100 MHz is applied at the limiter input. The input power is swept using the SWPVAR block. A transformer is used to convert the input signal to a differential signal and the differential signals at the ouput to the single ended.
MRHB basics
This project shows a simple single stage up conversion circuit using behavioral amplifiers, mixer and filter. The intent of this project is to introduce Multi-rate Harmonic Balance (MRHB) for Aplac harmonic balance on a very simple circuit.
Previously, you could only look at the voltage spectrum if you solved the oscillator using Harmonic Balance. In Harmonic Balance, AWR uses a technique to search for the fundamental frequency and once this is found then the entire spectrum can be determined. This is a difficult problem for transient simulators since there is no information about what the fundamental frequency of oscillation is before the simulation is completed. In a transient simulation, the measurement must be done completely by post-processing the time results. Two measurements are shown, the Vspec measurement and Vfft measurement. As can be seen, the two measurements produce the same results when properly setup. The Vfft measurement, however, offers the user significantly more flexibility.
Push Push Oscillator APLAC
In Harmonic Balance, AWR uses a technique to search for the fundamental frequency during simulation and once this is found then the entire spectrum can be determined. This is a difficult problem for transient simulators since there is no information about what the fundamental frequency of oscillation is before the simulation is completed. In a transient simulation, the measurement must be done completely by post-processing the time domain results. In this example the Vspec measurement is used.
This project shows a QPSK receiver implemented at transistor level and simulated with APLAC harmonic balance (HB) simulator. It demonstrates the capacity and speed of APLAC HB, which can take advantage of multi-processor systems for even better performance.
Simulation FiltersThis example shows how to use and configure Simulation Filters using a Eudyna 10W GaN HEMT amplifier.
